• Adrenal Disease and Pregnancy
  2001 eMedicine

• Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Not Really a Zebra 
  1999 American Academy of  Family Physicians

     Diabetes

Poorly controlled diabetes has been associated with an increased rate of fetal cardiovascular, renal, and neural tube defects. In particular double outlet right ventricle , truncus arteriosus, and caudal regression syndrome are seen with higher frequency than expected  [1].
The rate of malformation appears be directly related to the level of fasting hyperglycemia at diagnosis [2].

Fasting Glucose (mg/dl)                   Rate of Malformation
          <120                                                   2.1%
        121-260                                                5.2%
          >260                                                 30.4%


REFERENCES:

1 .Shepard TH. Catalog of Teratogenic Agents. 9th ed.Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998
2. Schaefer UM, et al. Congenital malformations in offspring of women with hyperglycemia first detected during pregnancy.Am J Obstet Gynecol.;177:1165,1997 MEDLINE

ADDITIONAL READING:

• Diabetes and Pregnancy
  1993 Illinois Teratogen Information Service

• Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy
  1999 Hahnemann University School of Medicine. Requires

• Fourth International Workshop-Conference on Diabetes 
  1998 Diabetes Care

• Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis
  1999 American Academy of  Family Physicians

• Sweet Success Program:Pomona Valley Hosptial Medical Center
  2002 OBFocus.com

     Pituitary

• Pituitary Disease And Pregnancy
  Acromegaly, Cushing Syndrome, diabetes insipidus, prolactinoma, Sheehan's syndrome
  2001 eMedicine

     Thyroid

Children born to mothers with untreated hypothyroidism during pregnancy have been found to score 7 points lower on IQ tests than the children of controls [1]

REFERENCES:

1. Haddow JE, Palomaki GE, Allan WC et al.,Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child. N Engl J Med.;341:549, 1999 MEDLINE

ADDITIONAL READING:

• Autoimmune Thyroid Disease and Pregnancy
  2002 eMedicine.com

• Management of thyroid nodules in pregnancy  
  1999 Contemporary Ob/Gyn   

• Thyroid Disorders and Pregnancy
  2000 Thyroid Foundation of Canada

• Thyroid Regulation and Dysfunction in the Pregnant Patient
  2001 Thyroid Disease Manager