Instructions and clinical scope
Preferred approach in pregnancy: use a measured timed urine creatinine clearance when quantitative creatinine clearance is needed. Standard eGFR equations such as CKD-EPI and MDRD are not valid for clinical renal-function assessment in pregnancy. Cockcroft-Gault may provide a rough estimate only when a timed urine collection is unavailable, but measured creatinine clearance is preferred.
Measured timed urine collection
Optional estimate-only comparison
Suggested wording
In pregnancy, renal function should generally be assessed using serum creatinine and, when creatinine clearance is required, a measured urine creatinine clearance. Standard eGFR equations such as CKD-EPI and MDRD are not valid in pregnancy. Cockcroft-Gault may provide a rough estimate when a timed urine collection is not available, but measured creatinine clearance is preferred.
Equations used
Collection adequacy check
The calculator estimates total 24-hour urine creatinine excretion and mg/kg/day. A typical adult female range is approximately 15 to 20 mg/kg/day. Muscle mass, diet, body size, incomplete collection, over-collection, and prolonged collection time can affect this value. The adequacy flag is a quality check, not a diagnosis.
Detailed references
- Wiles K, Chappell L, Clark K, et al. Clinical practice guideline on pregnancy and renal disease. BMC Nephrology. 2019. Guideline statement: assess renal function in pregnancy with serum creatinine because eGFR is not valid for use in pregnancy.
- Gao M, Vilayur E, Ferreira D, et al. Estimating the glomerular filtration rate in pregnancy. BMC Nephrology. 2020. Serum creatinine-based eGFR formulas showed poor agreement with 24-hour urine creatinine clearance in pregnancy.
- Zaghloul DE, et al. Renal function estimating equations performance during pregnancy and postpartum. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2023. CKD-EPI 2021 did not perform well in pregnancy; Cockcroft-Gault using prepregnancy or actual body weight performed best overall when 24-hour CrCl was unavailable.
- Cheung KL, Lafayette RA. Renal physiology of pregnancy. Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease. 2013. Review of pregnancy renal physiology, including early GFR rise of approximately 40% to 50%.
- Koetje PMJL, et al. Pregnancy reduces the accuracy of the estimated glomerular filtration rate based on Cockcroft-Gault and MDRD formulas. Reproductive Sciences. 2011.
- Ahmed SB, et al. A comparison of prediction equations for estimating glomerular filtration rate in pregnancy. Hypertension in Pregnancy. 2009.
